Impact Of Serum Paraoxonase 1 on Lipid Abnormalities and Atherosclerotic Risk in Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been linked to profound disturbances in lipid metabolism and heightened oxidative stress, both of which contribute significantly to Cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is linked to the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). It is play a key role in protecting lipoproteins from oxidative modification. However, PON1 activity is known to decline in CKD, exacerbating atherogenic risk. To evaluate serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels and their association with dyslipidaemia and renal function in patients with Stage 2 CKD.A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among CKD Stage 2 patients (n = 45) aged 30–60 years at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, or hypertension. Acute inflammatory diseases and end-stage renal disease were excluded. Serum samples were analyzed for renal and lipid parameters using an automated dry chemistry analyzer, and PON1 levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v15.0. All CKD patients (100%) exhibited significantly reduced PON1 levels (<3.1 ng/mL). Compared to healthy controls, Patients with CKD had higher levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL levels (p < 0.01), while HDL and serum PON1 levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The decline in PON1 activity correlated with impaired lipid metabolism and markers of renal dysfunction. Serum PON1 activity is markedly reduced in Stage 2 CKD patients, contributing to oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia-driven atherogenesis. PON1 represents a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for early cardiovascular risk reduction in CKD.