Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Omani and Sudani Camel Breeds and their Hybrid under Extensive Management System in Saudi Arabia

Background: Productive, reproductive, hematological and plasma biochemical traits have been shown to be affected by an extensive management system. Methods: Omani and Sudani (Anafi) camel breeds and their Hybrid bred in Riyadh region under an extensive management system for monitoring the number of services per pregnancy, gestation period, lactation period and daily milk production in addition to analysis of hematological and plasma biochemical traits. Result: The study explored the lactation period, daily milk production (kg), services per pregnancy and gestation period in addition to the hematological and plasma biochemical traits of Omani, Sudani camel breeds and their Hybrid animals. The results revealed significant differences in several key blood cell indices, suggesting variations in the physiological characteristics of these groups. The number of services per pregnancy was significantly higher in Omani and Sudani camel breeds if compared to their Hybrid camel group. The Omani and Sudani groups generally showed higher values for RBC-related parameters (RBC, PCV, Hb), while the Hybrid group exhibited higher granulocyte counts. The results revealed significant differences in several key metabolic indicators, suggesting variations in their physiological and metabolic states. The findings indicate distinct biochemical profiles across the Omani, Sudani and their Hybrid camel groups. The Hybrid group consistently showed a higher total protein and GGT, while the Sudanese group had higher glucose and LDH. The Omani group, in contrast, had the highest urea levels but lower values for several other parameters, including glucose and liver enzymes. It could be concluded that physiological, hematological and plasma biochemical traits might differ due to physiological traits and camel breeds.