Rutin, a Natural Inhibitor of IGPD Protein, Inhibits the Biofilm Formation inStaphylococcus xylosusATCC700404

ABSTRACTThe biofilm of bacteria plays an important role in antibiotic resistance and chronic infection. Thus, in order to solve the problem of resistant bacteria, it is very important to find new drugs that can inhibit the formation of biofilms. In recent years, researchers have shifted their attention to natural products. As a flavonoid, rutin has been reported to have a variety of biological activities, interestingly, in this study, the inhibitory effect of rutin on the biofilm ofStaphylococcus xylosuswas investigated. We confirmed that rutin could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation ofS. xylosus, then, for the sake of discussion on how it interferes with the biofilm formation, the interaction between rutin and imidazolyl phosphate dehydratase (IGPD) which has been identified as the key enzyme that plays a vital role in the process of biofilm formation was analyzed by molecular docking, the results showed that rutin had a strong affinity with IGPD, it occupied the hydrophobic cavity of the active center forming four hydrogen bonds and many other interactions. In addition, we proved that rutin was able to combine with IGPD using SPR technique. Therefore, we determined the enzyme activity and histidine content of IGPD, the result indicated that rutin could simultaneously inhibit the activity of IGPD and abrogate the synthesis of histidine. Interestingly, thehisBgene encoding for IGPD and IGPD inS. xylosuswere also significantly inhibited when the bacterial culture was treated with rutin. Taken together, the results have provided evidence that rutin is a natural drug that has the ability to interfere with the formation of biofilm inS. xylosus. It is therefore a potential enzyme inhibitor of IGPD.Author’s SummaryStaphylococcus xylosushas been isolated from a variety of infections, and the biofilm formed byS. xylosuscan help the bacteria evade the immune system of the host and cause chronic infections. Here, we dealt with this menace by establishing a highly effective drug with the ability to interfere with the process involved in the formation of biofilm inS. xylosus. IGPD has been reported to be directly involved in the formation of biofilm inStaphylococcus xylosusand it is known to be present in a variety of microorganisms. Based on this study, we developed a drug therapy targeting IGPD and at the same time interfere with the formation of biofilm inS. xylosus