Exploring the Feeding Dynamics: A Review of Hay Utilization in Ruminant Nutrition

Hay remains a fundamental component of ruminant diets across the globe and was introduced to conserve extra forage from grasslands for the use of livestock in the months of fodder scarcity and winter season. Both grasses and legume crops can be converted into hay, but the choice largely depends on the type of livestock farmers keep. Many studies have shown that good fertilizer management, tillage practices and seed rate affect the protein content, energy yield and digestibility parameters of the hay. This review explores the complex dynamics of hay utilization within the context of ruminant nutrition and the impact of hay quality on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and overall animal performance. Factors influencing hay intake, such as physical characteristics and processing methods are also discussed. Additionally, strategies to optimize hay utilization, including supplementation and hay blending are also discussed. Furthermore, areas of future research direction to enhance understanding of hay role in ruminant feeding systems are highlighted in the article.