The treatise entitled “Al-ashbaah beraf‘ AL-Eshtebah fii ‘elal al-nuhah” (The similarities in removing ambiguity in grammarians’ causes)Muhammad bin Esaa bin Kenan Al-Khalwaty (d. 1135 A. H. )(English Abstract(

This paper studies one of the valuable and precious treatises in Arabic tradition because of its subject (grammatical causes). Although the subject of the treatise “grammatical causes” is a very important one, we only have received very few books about it. The treatise studied and edited in this paper entitled “Al-ashbaah beraf‘ AL-Eshtebah fii ‘elal al-nohah” (The similarities in removing ambiguity in grammarians’ causes). It is written by Muhammad ben Esaa ben Kenan Al-Khalwaty (d. 1153 A. H. )one of the most Levantine historians. The treatise studied and edited in this paper is about the theoretical side of grammatical causes as it deals with the two categories of grammarians’ causes, the most frequent types of causes, and 25 causes. It gives examples for each one of them. It ends with a speech discussing the scholars who do not consider the grammatical causes and it also differentiates between the causes of grammarians and that of jurists and theologians. The edited text of the treatise is preceded with a study deals with the author and his published and unpublished works. This study investigates the treatise itself as well.