Elastic Properties of Microwave Sintered Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a bone repair material. The use of microwave radiation as energy source for powders densification opens new opportunities for sintering HA at lower temperatures than by conventional sintering (electric furnace). The aim of this work was to compare the densification behaviour of a commercial hydroxyapatite powder under microwave and conventional heating conditions through evaluation of the elastic properties of the resulting sintered materials. The effect of green density, sintering temperature and dwell time on the Young’s modulus E (measured by the impulse excitation of vibration method) of microwave sintered HA was evaluated by using the Taguchi method. Under the set of controlled parameters investigated, green density was the most significant factor affecting E. It was verified that the highest E values obtained with each sintering process are similar (104 and 105 GPa for microwave and conventional sintering, respectively). These values were obtained at 1250°C for 2 h in conventional sintering and at 1200°C for 10 min with microwave sintering. This illustrates the advantage of microwave processing on energy and time savings over conventional sintering.