CORONAVIRUS (GENOME STRUCTURE, REPLICATION)

The overview presented in the article is a continuation of the publication on coronaviruses. The paper examines modern data on the structure of the genome and the replication process in various types of coronaviruses that cause diseases in humans and are of medical importance. The structure of the genomes of coronaviruses and the functions of genes that encode the structure of viral particles are presented; describes the function of structural genes and auxiliary genes; the role of genes encoding non-structural proteins in the structure of the viral particle and replication of coronaviruses is shown. The analysis of published studies made it possible to comparatively characterize the genomes of highly dangerous coronaviruses: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, describe their differences in structure and in the process of replication. The review analyzes the structure of the genome and the replication process of coronaviruses at the molecular level, taking into account the characteristics of different types of coronaviruses. To analyze the genetic structures and replication of coronaviruses, modern literary sources, articles in the world’s leading medical and biological journals were used.