Prevalence, Transmission and Control of Clinically Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria/Genes within One Health Framework

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health issue, attracting increased attention from governments and researchers. The spread and transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/genes is not only a clinical problem, but also poses unprecedented challenges in the animal husbandry industry and is closely linked to the environment. The clinically important antimicrobial resistant bacteria and their AMR genes, such as carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative Bacilli with <i>bla</i>_NDM, <i>bla</i>_KPC, <i>bla</i>_IMP, <i>bla</i>_VIM genes, colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with <i>mcr</i> genes, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with <i>mec</i> genes, vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> with <i>van</i> genes, and tigecycline-resistant bacteria with <i>tet</i>(X) genes have been detected not only in health-care facilities but also in farms and environments. The concept of “One Health” emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health, with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria/genes occupying a unique position in close contact with all aspects.<br/><br/>Given the critical and interdependent nature of AMR in public health, animals and the environment, it is logical and necessary to take a "One Health" approach to address this issue. Clinically important antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes have been reported and shown to be disseminated in humans, animals and the environment over the last few decades. The majority of these studies, however, only described resistant bacteria or genes from a single source and region, with no systematic or global conceptualization. The research on the transmission of AMR bacteria/genes has been limited and insufficient. A growing number of AMR-related proposals and policies have emerged, but few AMR control policy studies have been reported due to a lack of understanding of each participant's perspectives, values and goals. In this context, studies on the prevalence, transmission and control of clinically important AMR within the "One Health" framework are in line with demand.<br/><br/>