Mizoroki-Heck Cross-Coupling: Mechanism, Catalysis with Transition Metals and Graphene Synergistic Catalysts and Applications

Upon examining the progression of organic chemistry and comprehending its fundamental nature, it becomes evident that carbon–carbon bond-forming processes hold unparalleled significance in creating this field of scientific inquiry. The Diels–Alder, Grignard, and Wittig reactions are three notable examples of chemical processes that have played significant roles in the development of modern chemical synthesis throughout the past century. During the last quarter of the 20th century, a novel category of carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions emerged, which relied on transition-metal catalysts and substantiated to be exceedingly effective instruments in the field of synthesis. One of the most researched cross-coupling reactions is the Mizoroki-Heck reaction, which has garnered significant attention and was conferred the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This review focuses on the examination of various catalysts employed in Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling processes, namely those composed of transition metals and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The selected examples serve as compelling illustrations of the significant efficacy of these catalysts in the realm of complete synthesis, hence emphasizing their prospective utility in the field of chemical synthesis.