GENERATION CENTERS, OIL AND GAS SUPPLY CHANNELS AND HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATIONS, AS A TRIUNE FLUID — DYNAMIC SYSTEM

The aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of geological exploration for oil and gas in highly developed oil and gas areas by adjusting the theoretical foundations taking into account modern concepts of oil and gas formation and the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. The hypothesis of the research is that focal formation and concentrated flow of fluids into the sedimentary cover determined the concentrated location of hydrocarbon fields in the intersection zones of deep faults. The article, based on the analysis of the views of various researchers, presents the problem of hydrocarbon generation in deep conditions and the influence of fluid-dynamic processes on the location of oil and gas structures within the Terek-Caspian Trough (TCP). The article briefly describes the state of controversy about the deep formation of hydrocarbons and the formation of their accumulations in the depths of the earth, starting with the mineral hypothesis of D.I. Mendeleyev. A fluid-dynamic model of the Starogroznenskoye field is presented as an example of deep formation of oil and gas and the formation of a multi-layer field due to vertical migration of hydrocarbon fluids along fault zones. Ideas are given about the formation of deep fluid-saturated zones in the form of waveguides and oil-supply channels. Similarities and differences in the views of different researchers on the issues of oil and gas formation in deep conditions are noted. Different researchers are unanimous in their opinion that hydrocarbon deposits are formed due to vertical migration of hydrocarbon fluids along fault zones from deep subcrustal centers of oil and gas formation. As one of the arguments for the difference in views of supporters of different hypotheses and concepts of oil and gas formation, their different methodological approaches to the identified problem are given. The periodic nature of fluid migration and the fluid regime of hydrocarbon deposits, associated mainly with the tectonic activity of the territories, is noted.