Introduction: Neolithic Britain—encounters and reflections

Is it possible to experience the Neolithic period (c.4000—c.2400 BCE) in Britain today? Of course not, or not in any literal sense. And yet, there are devices that we can create, and places that we can visit, that can to some extent stand in for that experience. These enable us, however fleetingly, to bridge the gulf of time that separates us from the distant world of thousands of years ago. One new way of traversing this chasm became available to us in 2013, when English Heritage opened a new visitor centre at Stonehenge. Inside the airy modern structure the latest audio-visual technology introduces visitors to the site and its surrounding prehistoric landscape. Remarkably, before the year was out, that centre had hosted a visit by the then President of the United States of America. Barack Obama made an unscheduled stop at the World Heritage Site en route from a NATO summit in Wales on 5 September 2014. Apparently, visiting Stonehenge, widely regarded as the most extraordinary of all prehistoric sites in Europe, was on the personal ‘bucket list’ of that recent incumbent of the White House. Among the things that the US President would have seen at the Stonehenge centre were reconstructed Late Neolithic houses from the area, and the visitor can now enter and walk around in these buildings, made using authentic materials. These newly constructed timber and daub buildings had been created on the basis of evidence recovered from Durrington Walls, a colossal Late Neolithic complex 2 miles from Stonehenge, where settings of concentric rings of massive posts were contained within an embanked enclosure half a kilometre across. Surprisingly, if the visitor centre had been built when it had originally been planned a decade earlier, it would not have been possible to recreate these 4,500-year-old houses, with their square ground plans and central hearths. This is because the excavations that would reveal these striking vestiges of the Stonehenge people were then only just beginning. This is an indication of the pace of discovery in the study of Neolithic Britain, and the immediacy of this process is one of the things that we would like to convey in this book.