KONTRIBUSI IBN ‘ĀSYŪR DALAM KAJIAN MAQĀSID AL-SYARĪ’AH

This study aims to understand the contribution of Ibn 'Ashur in the development of maqāsid al-syarī‘ah. This study uses normative method. The results showed that the contribution of Ibn 'Ashur on maqāsid al-syarī‘ah is divided into three categories, namely: the establishment of the legal entity of maqāsid; the formulation of maqāsid urgency implementation; and the division of the maqāsid al-shari'a into maqāsid al-'ammah, and maqāsid al-kha̅shshah. The first is about the legality of the law of maqāsid, that Allah, as the owner of sharī'ah, is impossible to bestow sharī'ah upon humankind without being accompanied by a noble purpose and wisdom. It is implicitly described in the verses of the holy Qur'an as mentioned in Sūrah al-Dukhān, verses: 38-39, Sūrah al-Mu’minūn, verse: 115, Sūrah al-Ḥadīd verse: 25, Sūrah ‘Alī ‘Imrān verse: 19. On maqāṣid al-'ammah, Ibn 'Asyūr confirms the important position of universality in sharī’a complexity. According to him, universality is one of the unique character of Islamic Sharī'ah, which is adjustable to the the future development of the times. The concept of maqāṣid al-'āmmah is jalb al-maṣa̅liḥ, wa dar’ al-mafa̅sid and taysīr wa raf' al-ḥarj. In this regard, he formulated four epistemological framework on al-Maqasid epistemology, namely: nature, tolerance (al-ṣama̅ḥah), equation (al-musāwah), freedom (al-Hurriyyah). On Maqasid al-kha̅ṣṣah, Ibn 'Ashur implemented the principle of Maqasid al-'amma. This is stipulated in various aspects, for example in worship, human relationship (muamalat), and others.