THE VERNACULARISM IN OF SACRED SPACE FORMATION

Significant temples of the twentieth century are analyzed. on the island of Malta by architect Richard England. The anthroposophical theory of architecture is presented, which suggested that the world and man are permeated by different types of spiritual forces, which due to the forms of objects of the visible world can be strengthened or weakened. The understanding of the harmony of forms in the formation of sacred space is represented. The architecture of sacred buildings erected on the principle of organic architecture is considered. It has been determined that the forms created by Richard England do not belong to any of the "languages" of architectural expression that have been created so far. It presents a view of the mysterious nature of the connection of people in society - close to the types of ties that connect religious communities, as well as the concept of architecture as a bridge between heaven and earth, which also changed the approach to the building as a purely material object. Analyzed the forms of individual sacred buildings and ways of organizing their interiors, which led to the conclusion that the idea of reviving the unity of the surrounding landscape, the tendency to use local materials (especially wood), but also a more general, philosophical attitude that allows to consider architecture as an element connects the forces of space with human life. The use of the metaphorical language of Richard England's architecture based on the world of visual human products and their iconographic distinctive features is considered. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages that are transmitted through them in the formation of sacred space. An attempt to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the formation of sacred space is also presented. The tendencies of formation of sacred space in the XX century are revealed, namely: critical regionalism, the role of local traditions and natural materials, organic architecture.