CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION

Introduction: femoral head fractures are rare and typically result from high-energy trauma, such as traffic accidents, often requiring hospital care. Traditional surgical approaches like Kocher-Langenbeck and Smith-Petersen have limitations. The Ganz controlled dislocation technique, introduced in the 1990s, allows full visualization of the femoral head with minimal risk to its blood supply, facilitating direct reduction and fixation. However, there is limited literature evaluating its outcomes in femoral head fractures. Objective: to detail current information related to Ganz controlled dislocation. Methodology: a total of 22 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as cases and clinical trials, of which 12 bibliographies were used because the information collected was not sufficiently important to be included in this study. The sources of information were Cochrane, PubMed and Google Scholar; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: femoral head fractures, hip dislocation, Ganz controlled dislocation, hip anatomy. Results: conventional surgical approaches have limited visualization and carry higher risks of complications. The Ganz controlled dislocation technique offers enhanced exposure of the femoral head while preserving its vital blood supply, significantly reducing the risk of osteonecrosis. This method allows precise reduction and stable fixation of fracture fragments, leading to improved functional outcomes and fewer complications when performed with meticulous anatomical and technical care. Conclusions: femoral head fractures are rare and complex injuries that require careful surgical management. The Ganz controlled dislocation technique provides improved visualization and preserves blood supply, reducing complications like osteonecrosis. Although evidence is limited, this approach offers better functional outcomes and fewer complications compared to traditional methods, representing a significant advancement in surgical treatment. Keywords: Dislocation, Ganz, Femur, Fracture.