Tourist Perceptions of Environmental and Infrastructural Barriers to Urban Leisure in Kaduna Metropolis Hotels

The sustainability and growth of tourism development in Kaduna metropolis are hindered by continued environmental degradation, inadequate infrastructure, and climate-related constraints. This study assessed the major environmental and infrastructural determinants influencing sustainable tourism development in the Kaduna metropolis, with an emphasis on identifying key factors that shape tourists’ satisfaction and destination resilience. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect primary data from 385 respondents at seven purposively selected tourism destinations, including Bafra Hotel, Hotel Seventeen, Zee Cool Hotel, Jay Hilton Hotel, Green Apple Hotel, Top Galaxy Hotel, and Fifth Chukker Polo. A total of 366 valid questionnaires were recovered and used for data analysis. The data were analysed via descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and logistic regression with SPSS version 26 to examine the effects of the environmental and infrastructural variables on tourism sustainability. The results from the ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between flooding, deforestation, waste disposal problems, and poor maintenance of the tourism site, with higher chances of disruption of tourism services (p < 0.05). Three main components were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA): environmental quality, infrastructural adequacy, and safety accessibility, which explained 76% of the total variance. The study revealed that without environmental integrity, especially alongside infrastructural development in the Kaduna metropolis, there is no sustainable tourism development in the area. This suggests improved cooperation between government agencies, private investors, and local communities to support green practices, reinforce infrastructure, and enable policy implementation for sustainable tourism growth.