RP HPLC Method for Estimation of Dapagliflozin and Vildagliptin Incorporating Green Solvent Extraction

A simple, accurate, and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Dapagliflozin and Vildagliptin in tablet dosage form, incorporating a green sample preparation approach using a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and urea (1:2 molar ratio). The use of DES in place of conventional organic solvents significantly reduces environmental impact and supports sustainable analytical practices. The retention times for Dapagliflozin and Vildagliptin were found to be 2.163 min and 2.684 min, respectively. The method demonstrated excellent precision, with %RSD values of 0.3 for Dapagliflozin and 1.0 for Vildagliptin. Recovery studies showed 100.45% and 99.33% for Dapagliflozin and Vildagliptin, respectively. The method exhibited high sensitivity, with LOD and LOQ values of 0.006 μg/mL and 0.019 μg/mL for Dapagliflozin, and 0.22 μg/mL and 0.66 μg/mL for Vildagliptin. The regression equations were y = 50048x + 1180.1 for Dapagliflozin and y = 25331x + 3601.2 for Vildagliptin. The run time was significantly reduced, making the method both economical and environmentally friendly. This novel green analytical method is suitable for routine quality control analysis in pharmaceutical industries.