Assessment of domestic trade barriers in South-East Nigeria: The case for yam

Yam trade in Nigeria, especially in the Southeast, faces several barriers from production points to consumer markets, hindering the distribution and trade flow of agricultural products. These barriers have inflated consumer prices. The study investigated domestic trade barriers in Southeast Nigeria, focusing on yam trade. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of yam traders in the region, to characterize the barriers to yam trade (tariff and non-tariff barriers) and to determine the effect of the trade barriers on the volume of yam traded in the region. A multi-stage technique was employed in the collection of data. Primary data were collected from 120 respondents via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression model. The results showed the traders' mean age was 47 years, 60.83% were males, 72.50% were married, 54.17% had secondary education, an average household size of 5 persons, a mean trading experience of 13 years, and the mean volume of yams traded was 1.78 tons. The trade barriers were categorized into tariff barriers (TBs) and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) alongside their associated costs. Roadblocks were most prevalent in Abia, and illegal charges highest in Imo. These two states were most affected by trade barriers. The study also revealed that both tariff and non-tariff barriers play a significant role in the volume of yam traded across Abia, Anambra, and Imo States, but the effects vary by location. In Abia and Anambra, trade barriers such as municipal permits, illegal charges, and increases in price boosted yam trade volume, while roadblocks and tollgate charges reduced the trade volume. The study recommends harmonized tariffs and the removal of unnecessary levies, especially in Imo and Abia, to ease trade. It also recommends better roads, regulated toll systems, and centralized loading points to help ease movements and boost trade volumes.