Role of Thrombotic Risk Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms that are found among factors of the coagulation cascade are factor V leiden mutation (FVL), prothrombin (PT), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), reported for thrombotic complications. We have investigated the associations of these gene polymorphisms in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: We genotyped 258 patients for FV G1691A, PT G20210A, and MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) gene by using polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and were compared with 569 healthy controls. Serum folate, total homocysteine (tHcys), and vitamin B 12 were measured in both patients with ESRD and controls. Results: No homozygous individuals for the mutant AA genotype of FVL G1691A were observed in this study. The frequency of the heterozygous genotypes was (11.2%), which was nearly 3 times higher than that observed in controls (3.2%), with a odds ratio of 3.87 (P = .0001, 95% CI = 2.11-7.11). PT G20210A mutation was missing in both patients and the controls. At MTHFR locus, TT genotype of C677T was present in 9.6% among ESRD, while CC genotype of A1298C was present in 11.7% of the ESRD. In control group, it was significantly low that is, 4.2% and 3.2%, respectively (P = .0034; OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.36-4.36 and P < .0001; OR = 4.03; 95% CI = 2.2-7.37). The combined analysis of the 2 genotypes showed further increased risk in ESRD ~15 folds. Further, the carrier of TT and CC genotypes of C677T and A1298C had significantly higher total homocysteine (tHcys) level than those with CC and AA genotypes (P < .001). Conclusion: The carrier of FVL, TT genotype of C677T, and CC genotype of A1298C polymorphisms may act as risk factors for ESRD.