Carotid Artery Stenting: Which Stent for Which Lesion?

The different geometries and working principles of carotid stents (nitinol or cobalt chromium, open- or closed-cell configuration) provide each product with unique functional properties. The individual characteristics of each device may make it an attractive choice in one circumstance but render it less desirable in other situations. In approximately 75% of all procedures, all types of stents will achieve similar outcomes, making adequate device selection unnecessary. For the remaining quarter, careful preoperative screening is mandatory. In addition to eventual access issues, the choice of the optimal carotid stent depends mainly on arterial anatomy and lesion morphology. When treating a tortuous anatomy, stents with a flexible and comformable open-cell configuration are preferred. In arteries with a significant mismatch between common carotid artery and internal carotid artery diameter, cobalt chromium (Elgiloy) or tapered nitinol stents are selected. Lesions with suspected high emboligenicity are best covered with stents with a closed-cell configuration, whereas highly calcified lesions need treatment with nitinol stents. Thorough knowledge of the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and working principles of the different available stents is mandatory to optimally select the materials to be used for patients eligible for carotid revascularization.