INFLUENCE OF VERTICAL WELLS ON HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND RECLAMATION CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATED LANDS IN THE KAZAKHSTAN-ARAL REGION

During the Soviet period, 241 vertical underground wells operated in Kyzylorda region, which improved the hydrogeological and reclamation conditions of irrigated lands, as well as maintained normal groundwater levels and prevented secondary soil salinization processes. As a result of numerous impacts, these vertical wells have been destroyed, and to date, only 18 copies are operating in the Kyzylorda region. They are 10 pieces in the city of Shieli, 8 pieces in the village of Nagi Ilyasov, Syrdarya district. The article describes the quality indicators of vertical wells located in the Kyzylorda region and their impact on the hydrogeological and reclamation conditions of irrigated lands. Vertical wells were first used in the United States in 1923-1925, and in Central Asian countries since the 1950s, they have been widely used. In the world, the scope of application of vertical outboard Wells exceeds 10 million hectares, in India al one, more than 12 million pumps are in constant operation. In large rice systems, threshing irrigation of the land with slitshas a direct effect on the entire groundwater. In regions with a 100% irrigated arable land system, such as the Kazakh – Aral region, excessive groundwater elevation leads to secondary salinization of land. On rice plantations in the region, threshing irrigation of the land with grooves directly affects the lithological layer of the entire soil, the level and quality of groundwater. Vertical underground wells not only regulate groundwater, but also improve the reclamation conditions of irrigated lands.