Knowledge, Awareness and Practice on Dietary Management Among Patients with Urolithiasis: A Scoping Review

Urolithiasis or kidney stone has strong association with lifestyle. The pattern of recurrent episodes reported is alarming and if left untreated will lead to serious conditions such as cancer or ablative surgical intervention. Therefore, this scoping review was performed to provide an overview on knowledge, awareness and practice (KAP) of dietary management among patients with urolithiasis. Published studies within 2010 until 2020 on KAP among urolithiasis patients globally and Malaysia were searched through five databases including ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO Host, Science Direct and Scopus. The quality appraisal was performed using Freestyle Critical Appraisal. Two of the authors involved in screening the relevant literature while the supervisor involved in peer checking the appraisal performed. A total of eight publications; five original studies and three review papers were obtained but none was from Malaysia. Only five were reviewed systematically on the basis of its completeness for quantitative synthesis on design, population, methodology and instrumentation. The scope of interest was awareness of urolithiasis, knowledge on risk factors, sign and symptoms, treatment and preventive measure, as well as the relationship between urolithiasis and socio-demographic background. The findings highlighted an association between socio-demographic background such as age, gender, education level, income status, literacy level towards KAP among urolithiasis patients on dietary management. Lifestyle pattern such as food intake and weight management were crucial to prevent recurrent episode Proper dietary management was an early intervention to prevent recurrent episodes of urolithiasis. Health education efforts may be helpful to increase awareness and knowledge among patients and this need to be performed by multidisciplinary effort.