Independent risk factors associated with Uric Acid Stone disease: A retrospective study

Abstract Objective To find out the independent risk factors for uric acid stone formation through a retrospective single-center clinical analysis, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment strategies. Methods We reviewed 772 patients with urinary tract stones in our institution, divided into the uric acid stone and non-uric acid stone groups. We collected basic patient information and the results of blood and urine tests. We used descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests for intergroup comparisons, and performed univariate analysis to screen significant variables, and multivariate Logistic regression to determine the independent risk factors for uric acid stone formation. Results Univariate analysis showed that males and patients with a history of hypertension were more likely to develop uric acid stones (P < 0.05). There were significant statistical differences in blood sodium, potassium, anion gap, creatinine, urea, uric acid, TG, LDL, VLDL, urinary calcium, uric acid, and pH between the groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression identified a history of hypertension (OR = 2.921, P < 0.01), abnormal blood uric acid (OR = 14.762, P < 0.01), low blood sodium levels (OR = 0.873, P = 0.014), low urinary pH (OR = 0.398, P = 0.001), and high urinary uric acid levels (OR = 1.00, P < 0.01) as independent risk factors for uric acid stone formation. Conclusion A history of hypertension, abnormal blood uric acid levels, low blood sodium levels, low urinary pH, and high urinary uric acid levels are independent risk factors for uric acid stone formation, providing diagnostic evidence for clinical practice and guidance for preventing and treating uric acid stones.