SONOGRAPHIC COMPARISON OF RENAL SEGMENTAL ARTERY TO AORTIC PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY RATIO IN NORMAL AND CHRONIC RENAL PARENCHYMAL DISEASE

Background: Chronic renal parenchymal disease is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function. It contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, chronic kidney disease ranked 27th among causes of global deaths in 1990, rising to 18th by 2010, with an age-standardized death rate of 16.3 per 100,000. Early detection through non-invasive imaging can play a pivotal role in slowing disease progression and preventing complications. Objective: To assess the sonographic comparison of the renal segmental artery to aortic peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio in healthy individuals and patients with chronic renal parenchymal disease using Doppler ultrasound. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over five months, from September 2019 to January 2020, at the Department of Radiology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center (PKLI&RC), Lahore. A total of 168 patients were enrolled using convenient sampling, including 84 patients diagnosed with chronic renal parenchymal disease and 84 with normal renal function. All participants underwent grayscale and Doppler ultrasonography using Toshiba Aloka Prosound SSD-3500SX with 3.5 MHz curvilinear and 7.5 MHz linear probes. Renal segmental artery and aortic PSV measurements were recorded and compared. Results: Among 168 participants, the mean age was 42.08 ± 14.52 years in the disease group and 45.36 ± 10.02 years in the normal group. The mean renal segmental artery to aortic PSV ratio was 0.4583 ± 0.19789 in patients with chronic renal parenchymal disease and 0.6206 ± 0.23015 in normal subjects. Of the diseased group, 64.6% were male and 36.0% female. Comorbid conditions included hypertension (69.0%), diabetes mellitus (64.3%), edema (38.1%), anemia (21.4%), pain (14.3%), and fever (14.3%). Conclusion: Sonographic assessment, particularly Doppler-based evaluation of renal segmental artery to aortic PSV ratio, offers a reliable, non-invasive method for detecting and monitoring chronic renal parenchymal disease. It aids in early diagnosis, potentially preventing further renal deterioration and associated complications.