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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
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AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Principles of Magnetic Resonance2.1.Nuclear and Electronic Properties2.2.Nuclei and Electrons in a Stationary Magnetic Field2.3.Basic Principles of the NMR and ESR Experiments2.4.Relaxation3.High‐Resolution Solution NMR Spectroscopy3.1.The NMR Experiment3.1.1.Continuous Wave Methodology3.1.2.Fourier Transform Methodology3.2.Spectral Parameters3.2.1.Chemical Shift3.2.2.Spin ‐ Spin Coupling3.2.3.Signal Intensity3.2.4.Relaxation Times3.3.NMR and Structure3.3.1.Hydrogen (1H and2H)3.3.2.Carbon (13C)3.3.3.Fluorine (19F)3.3.4.Phosphorus (31P)3.3.5.Nitrogen (14N and15N)3.3.6.Oxygen (17O)3.3.7.Silicon (29Si)3.4.Double Resonance Techniques3.4.1.Homonuclear Spin Decoupling3.4.2.Heteronuclear Spin Decoupling3.4.3.NOE Difference Spectroscopy3.5.One‐Dimensional Multi‐Pulse FT Experiments3.5.1.T1Measurement3.5.2.T2Measurement3.5.3.Spectral Editing Experiments3.6.Multi‐Dimensional NMR3.6.1.Basic Principles3.6.2.J‐Resolved Spectra3.6.3.Homonuclear Chemical Shift Correlation (COSY)3.6.4.Heteronuclear Chemical Shift Correlation (HETCOR, HMQC)3.6.5.Homonuclear NOE Correlation3.7.NMR Spectral Collections, Databases, and Expert Systems3.8.Applications3.8.1.Chemical Structure Determination3.8.2.Quantitative Chemical Analysis by NMR3.8.3.Rate Processes and NMR Spectra3.8.4.NMR Methods Utilized in Combinatorial Chemistry and Biochemistry4.NMR of Solids and Heterogeneous Systems4.1.High‐Resolution NMR of Solids4.2.Low Resolution1H NMR of Heterogeneous Systems5.NMR Imaging6.ESR Spectroscopy6.1.The ESR Experiment6.1.1.Continuous Wave ESR6.1.2.ENDOR and Triple Resonance6.1.3.Pulse ESR6.1.4.ESR Imaging6.2.Spectral Parameters6.2.1.g‐Factor6.2.2.Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction6.2.3.Quantitative Measurements6.3.ESR in the Liquid State6.3.1.Slow Molecular Tumbling6.3.2.Exchange Processes6.4.Computer Simulation of Spectra6.5.Specialist Techniques6.5.1.Spin Trapping6.5.2.Spin Labeling6.5.3.Oximetry6.5.4.Saturation Transfer
Title: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Description:
AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.
Introduction2.
Principles of Magnetic Resonance2.
1.
Nuclear and Electronic Properties2.
2.
Nuclei and Electrons in a Stationary Magnetic Field2.
3.
Basic Principles of the NMR and ESR Experiments2.
4.
Relaxation3.
High‐Resolution Solution NMR Spectroscopy3.
1.
The NMR Experiment3.
1.
1.
Continuous Wave Methodology3.
1.
2.
Fourier Transform Methodology3.
2.
Spectral Parameters3.
2.
1.
Chemical Shift3.
2.
2.
Spin ‐ Spin Coupling3.
2.
3.
Signal Intensity3.
2.
4.
Relaxation Times3.
3.
NMR and Structure3.
3.
1.
Hydrogen (1H and2H)3.
3.
2.
Carbon (13C)3.
3.
3.
Fluorine (19F)3.
3.
4.
Phosphorus (31P)3.
3.
5.
Nitrogen (14N and15N)3.
3.
6.
Oxygen (17O)3.
3.
7.
Silicon (29Si)3.
4.
Double Resonance Techniques3.
4.
1.
Homonuclear Spin Decoupling3.
4.
2.
Heteronuclear Spin Decoupling3.
4.
3.
NOE Difference Spectroscopy3.
5.
One‐Dimensional Multi‐Pulse FT Experiments3.
5.
1.
T1Measurement3.
5.
2.
T2Measurement3.
5.
3.
Spectral Editing Experiments3.
6.
Multi‐Dimensional NMR3.
6.
1.
Basic Principles3.
6.
2.
J‐Resolved Spectra3.
6.
3.
Homonuclear Chemical Shift Correlation (COSY)3.
6.
4.
Heteronuclear Chemical Shift Correlation (HETCOR, HMQC)3.
6.
5.
Homonuclear NOE Correlation3.
7.
NMR Spectral Collections, Databases, and Expert Systems3.
8.
Applications3.
8.
1.
Chemical Structure Determination3.
8.
2.
Quantitative Chemical Analysis by NMR3.
8.
3.
Rate Processes and NMR Spectra3.
8.
4.
NMR Methods Utilized in Combinatorial Chemistry and Biochemistry4.
NMR of Solids and Heterogeneous Systems4.
1.
High‐Resolution NMR of Solids4.
2.
Low Resolution1H NMR of Heterogeneous Systems5.
NMR Imaging6.
ESR Spectroscopy6.
1.
The ESR Experiment6.
1.
1.
Continuous Wave ESR6.
1.
2.
ENDOR and Triple Resonance6.
1.
3.
Pulse ESR6.
1.
4.
ESR Imaging6.
2.
Spectral Parameters6.
2.
1.
g‐Factor6.
2.
2.
Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction6.
2.
3.
Quantitative Measurements6.
3.
ESR in the Liquid State6.
3.
1.
Slow Molecular Tumbling6.
3.
2.
Exchange Processes6.
4.
Computer Simulation of Spectra6.
5.
Specialist Techniques6.
5.
1.
Spin Trapping6.
5.
2.
Spin Labeling6.
5.
3.
Oximetry6.
5.
4.
Saturation Transfer.
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