A comparative analysis of morphometric and meristic traits of endangered (Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat and Engin, 2012 and Salmo plathycephalus Behnke, 1968) and at risk (Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat and Engin, 2014) trout species

This study examines interspecies differentiation by comparing the morphometric and meristic characteristics of two endangered trout species (Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat and Engin, 2012 and Salmo plathycephalus Behnke, 1968) and a species with the potential to be endangered (Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat and Engin, 2014). The research was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in the upper tributaries of the Ceyhan, Seyhan, and Euphrates basins in Türkiye. A total of 25 morphometric and 24 meristic characters were examined, and the measurements influencing interspecies differentiation were analyzed using the Random Forest model. The results indicate that S. plathycephalus exhibits significant differentiation in metric characteristics. In particular, variables such as predorsal length, head length, and body height are key distinguishing factors for this species. Among the meristic traits, the number of red spots and black markings on the operculum are critical for species identification. This study enhances understanding of species’ environmental adaptations and informs conservation strategies, laying a foundation for sustainable management. Future research should focus on habitat conservation efforts.