Altitude Lifestyle and Diabetes: An Epidemiological Study in Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

In this study, the effect of altitude on diabetes prevalence was examined in Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 189 participants from higher altitudes (>1500 m, n=97) and lower altitudes (<1500 m, n=92). Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS v 30.0. The findings revealed an inverse relationship between altitude and diabetes prevalence, with higher rates at lower altitudes (81.5%) compared to higher altitudes (61.8%) (p=0.003). Physical activity and awareness levels also differed significantly across altitudes (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated a 63% lower likelihood of diabetes among high-altitude residents (OR=0.368, p=0.003). These results suggest that environmental and lifestyle factors at higher altitudes, such as increased physical activity and dietary adaptations, may offer metabolic protection. Public health efforts should promote active living, healthy diets, and diabetes awareness across all altitude regions.