Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, antifungal assessment and soap development from Annona senegalensis leaves.

This study investigated the antioxidant and antifungal activities of methanolic leaf extract of Annona senegalensis and evaluated its potential for developing antifungal soap formulations. Methanolic extraction was performed on 150 g of Annona senegalensis leaf powder, yielding 19 g of crude extract (12.7% extraction yield). The extract was analysed for phytochemical content and tested for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Antifungal activity was assessed against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Aspergillus niger. Soap formulations containing the extract were also developed and tested for antifungal efficacy. The extract contained alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins. Free radical scavenging activity was 59.81% and 48.24% at 0.01 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively. Antifungal activity was significant at 50 mg/mL and 500 mg/mL, with IC50 values of 1.7129 g/l (A. niger), 1.4534 g/l (T. rubrum), and 1.8226 g/l (T. mentagrophytes). The soap formulations were significantly active against the fungi at concentrations of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The methanolic leaf extract of Annona senegalensis exhibits significant antioxidant and antifungal activities. It has potential applications in developing antifungal soaps, topical antifungal formulations, and as a preservative for fruits and vegetables.