Stabilization remediation of soil polluted by heavy metals using palygorskite modified with chlorides

Abstract Chlorides with palygorskite modifications have been more successfully used to remove heavy metal pollution from field soils. A pot experiment was used to examine the effects of amendments on the growth, biological concentration factor, bioaccumulation factor, and biological evaluation of heavy metals in corn (Zea mays L.).The palygorskite modified (with five various chlorides from PAL-Na to PAL-Al) and the PAL modified (with the non-amendment as the control) were used to remedy soil-contaminated pollution. Scan electrically microscopes SEM and X-ray deflection was utilised to characterise the modifications in the exterior and internal structure. In order to determine the bioavailability and stabilising effectiveness, CaCl2-extractable and part of the toxic characteristic leachable procedure were applied. To estimate the efficiency of stabilisation, the accumulations of minerals in roots and shoots (fresh and dry weight) were assessed. The palygorskite-modified with five chloride particles are dispersed consistently and are greatly established on the surfaces of the palygorskite, according to SEM and XRD. The TF amounts for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr were < 1, and the BCF and BAC amounts were obviously larger in the lower than in the upper parts. In conclusion, effectively reducing the bioavailability and movability of heavy metal in soil was achieved by applying palygorskite-modified chloride. In Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr-contamination soils the stabilisation performed better when palygorskite-modified chlorides were applied than palygorskite alone. Therefore, it was a practical and potentially useful substance that might be used to efficiently ameliorate heavy metal contamination in soil and could have been high and accessible usage on the field scale.