Dynamic state estimation‐based fault locating on transmission lines

Accurate fault locating minimises labour and outage time. Efforts to increase the accuracy of fault locating methods are on‐going. In this study, a dynamic state estimation‐based fault locating (EBFL) method is proposed. Best implementation requires GPS synchronised sample value measurements at both ends of the line. The dynamic state estimator operates on the sampled values using a detailed dynamic model of the line, which includes the fault location as a state. Specifically, the dynamic line model is represented as a multi‐section transmission line model, inclusive of phase conductor type and size, shield wire(s) type and size, and tower ground impedances, integrated with the fault model. This study presents extensive numerical experiments demonstrating that the method has higher accuracy than traditional fault locating methods for different fault types, locations and impedances. Additionally, the method works for both two‐terminal and three‐terminal transmission lines.