COMPARATIVE PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF EIGHT TYPES OF ACTIVE VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS USING THE INERTER DEVICE WITH PID CONTROL

This study presents a comprehensive comparative parametric analysis of various active Inerter-Spring-Damper (ISD) configurations with PID control applied to vehicle suspension systems. The analysis is based on the quarter-car model, widely recognized in the literature for its simplicity and ability to represent the essential vertical dynamics of a vehicle. Several active ISD topologies are systematically evaluated under typical road excitation scenarios, with emphasis on the performance of the integrated PID control system. Simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, where Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are employed to regulate the active system behavior, ensuring consistent evaluation of transient responses and required control forces. Key performance indicators, such as overshoot, settling time, oscillation damping, and response smoothness, are used to assess and compare the effectiveness of each active ISD configuration. The results reveal significant differences in system behavior depending on the adopted PID control architecture and the inerter's location within the active topology. Some configurations demonstrate superior active damping capabilities and better control of oscillatory motions, contributing to enhanced ride comfort and improved road-holding characteristics. Others, while less effective in certain metrics, offer alternative transient behavior profiles that may be advantageous under specific conditions. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of detailed inertance parameter analyses and fine-tuning of PID control strategies to maximize system performance. The findings highlight the potential of active ISD suspensions in improving vehicle dynamics and pave the way for future research on practical implementation, control design, and real-time optimization of active ISD systems in automotive engineering.