The effect of silver nanoparticles on bond strength of calcium silicate-based sealer: An In vitro study

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the bond strength of the calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS) (TotalFill® BC Sealer, FKG, Switzerland) modified with the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the single-cone technique and the warm obturation technique, measured by a universal testing machine. Methods The root canals of single-rooted human teeth were prepared up to 35.04. specimens were randomly divided into four groups (25/group) as follows: In Group 1, canals were obturated using the single-cone technique (SC). Group 2, canals were obturated in SC technique and the CSS sealer mixed with AgNPs. Group 3, canals were obturated with continuous wave condensation (CWC). Group 4, canals were obturated with CWC, and CSS Sealer was mixed with AgNPs. After two weeks, 1 mm-thick dentin slices were cut and exposed to push-out bond strength test using a universal testing machine. Specimens were examined under a digital microscope to determine the mode of failure. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests (P < 0.05). Results Group 4 showed the highest dislodgement resistance compared to all groups (P < 0.05). Group 4 was significantly higher in push-out bond strength value than group 1 (P < .001) and group 3 (P < .003), but not significantly higher than group 2. Cohesive failure was the most prevalent failure mode among all groups. Conclusions Incorporation of silver nanoparticles into the calcium silicate-based sealer significantly increased the bond strength. The warm obturation approach demonstrated significantly higher resistance to dislodgment as compared to the single-cone technique.