An investigation into the use of an extended lipid panel in the screening of cardiovascular events

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is classified into many subclasses based on its atherogenic propensity, with small dense (sd) LDL being a highly important risk biomarker for early coronary heart disease (CHD). Nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) is made up of all atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein-C, intermediate-density lipoprotein-C, lipoprotein (a), chylomicrons, and chylomicron remnants. Apolipoproteins, which include apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1, are cholesterol transporters that play a key role in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Apo-B and Apo-A1 indicate total atherogenic and nonatherogenic particles, respectively. Materials and Methods: This case–control research was done on participants visiting the cardiology and medicine OP in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center. The research included 546 people ranging in age from 30 to 55 years. After an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained for the measurement of apolipoprotein-B and apolipoprotein-A1 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The calculation was used to determine the sd-LDL, non-HDL, and Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratios. Results: When compared to controls, the CHD group had significantly higher levels of sd-LDL, non-HDL, apolipoproteins, and the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio. In contrast, the mean level of LDL in CHD was higher and statistically significant (P < 0.001) when compared to normal healthy controls. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a high correlation between sd-LDL, nonHDL-C, apolipoproteins, and their Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio. When compared to standard lipid indicators, the estimate of all of these parameters appears to be a better marker in predicting the early risk of cardiovascular disease in both diabetic and nondiabetic CHD participants and might be utilized successfully in clinical practice.