Tracery 1150-1350 AD

This chapter examines the emergence of Milan as one of the communes in Italy. Milan had always been the largest city of the Kingdom of Italy. Because of its large size and growing ...

This chapter examines the development of the city commune in Rome during the period 1050–1150. Rome does not occupy a central place in accounts of early Italian city communes. The ...

The period 1350–1750 saw major developments in European warfare, which not only had a huge impact on the way wars were fought, but also are critical to long-standing controversies ...