TERNARY QUANTUM LOGIC APPROACHES FOR CONTROLLED TELEPORTATION VIA ENTANGLEMENT SWAPPING

Quantum teleportation stands as a cornerstone of quantum communication, enabling the transmission of an unknown quantum state—typically a qubit—from a sender to a receiver without the physical transfer of the particle itself. In this study, we explore two novel teleportation protocols within the framework of ternary quantum logic, which extends conventional binary systems by incorporating three distinct quantum states, known as qutrits. This ternary paradigm introduces richer computational possibilities and more nuanced entanglement structures compared to binary logic. Both protocols incorporate a supervisory controller to regulate the transmission. The first proposed scheme utilizes entanglement swapping between two qutrits to achieve the teleportation of a qutrit. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of ternary teleportation using minimal entangled resources. The second scheme builds upon this foundation by employing entanglement swapping among three qutrits, offering enhanced control. In the second scheme, the controller remains actively embedded in the quantum circuit throughout the protocol, with the authority to abort or validate the teleportation either at the beginning of protocol or at the end, thereby introducing dynamic control. Direct entanglement between distant parties like Alice and Bob is often infeasible due to channel noise and losses, but using an intermediary party who shares entangled pairs with each party, enables long-distance entanglement, which is crucial for scalable quantum networks and quantum repeaters. This modular approach not only enhances the security and reliability of quantum communication by managing errors locally but also offers flexibility and practicality in real-world systems by facilitating entanglement through local intermediaries.