The Rest on the Flight into Egypt

At the time of its acquisition for the Rohoncz collection (the former name of the Thyssen-Bornemisza collection), this Rest on the Flight into Egypt was attributed to Adriaen Isenbrant, a follower of Gerard David. The painting was catalogued with this description from the time of its inclusion in the 1930 exhibition at the Neue Pinakothek until 1989, the date of Colin Eisler’s text. In 1969 Ebbinge-Wubben had referred to the typological similarity of the Virgin with the model developed by Gerard David but also emphasised the differences in the manner of interpreting the landscape background. That author compared the background planes with another painting by Isenbrant in the National Gallery, London, and the central group with a The Rest on the Flight into Egypt with a similar landscape, attributed to Isenbrant, in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. This anonymous artist located the Virgin on a large, rectangular block of stone, looking down with a melancholy expression and presenting the Christ Child, who is seated on her lap and looking towards the viewer. At her feet is a wicker basket, while a small water bottle in the form of a gourd hangs from a branch above her head. Saint Joseph occupies his traditional secondary position in the composition, in this case on the left, tending the ass who is peacefully grazing. The decision to locate the Virgin and Child on a small hill allowed the artist to paint a panoramic landscape with the city of Bethlehem in the middle-ground in which the Massacre of the Innocents is taking place. The animated violence and horror of that event is conveyed on a small scale in the streets and squares of the city, contrasting with the tranquillity of the foreground group. The artist depicted a medieval city dominated by a large castle on a rocky promontory reached by an entrance near the lower right corner of the panel. With some ingenuity, the artist gave the city an Oriental note through the type of roofs of some of the buildings and the obelisk on the right. Behind the city is a broad landscape with paths, fields, groves of trees and areas of water, and with mountains and rocky outcrops that recall the style of Patinir. One of the principal elements in the centre of the composition is the apple tree with its slender trunk. Various putti play among its branches and collect fruit to offer the Christ Child, a motif to be found in German art. Eisler drew attention to the woodcut by Cranach that popularised this motif and to a drawing by Martin Schongauer. The panel was owned by Joseph Crawhall in London between 1861 and 1913. Mar Borobia