Brake Systems, an Overview

Abstract The brakes of today's vehicles are disk and drum brakes as service brakes with a parking brake corresponding to the design (at least on the rear axle). Thus, these are friction brakes that present special challenges on the design of brake pads and brake disks or drums to decellerate the cars by the necessary friction process. Antilock braking system ( ABS ) systems are installed to stabilize the vehicle; enable steerability even during severe braking and if possible, reduce the braking distance on slippery roads. In the meantime, these are further improved by electronic stabilization systems ( ESP ), that attempt to keep the vehicle on the direction specified by the driver's steering wheel angle, reducing throttle and using brake interventions to direct the car. Starting in 2014, ESP will be legally required for new vehicles in the jurisdiction of ECE13 in Europe. Between the operating pedal and the operating brake devices there is usually hydraulic, there is a brake booster powered by vacuum or excess pressure in almost all vehicles. As the majority of drivers do not brake quickly enough nor do they achieve sufficient brake force in emergency situations, brake assistants are installed—either as electronic brake boosters or as an additional function in the electronic stability system ( ESP system).