The Rome IV versus Rome III criteria for heartburn diagnosis: A comparative study

Background The phenotypes of heartburn patients are heterogeneous. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the proportion of heartburn phenotypes in a Chinese population and to compare the Rome IV and III criteria for heartburn diagnosis. Methods A retrospective study was performed among heartburn patients referred for upper endoscopy and esophageal function tests in a tertiary hospital. Their symptoms fulfilled Rome IV and III criteria. Results A total of 233 patients were included. Fifty-nine patients (25%) were diagnosed with esophagitis, 96 (41%) with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and 78 (34%) with functional heartburn (FH) based on Rome III criteria. Approximately 70% of the Rome III NERD patients were changed based on Rome IV criteria, with 36 patients (15%) diagnosed with reflux hypersensitivity (RH) and 32 patients (14%) who didn’t fulfill the criteria considered unclassified. The FH and RH patients showed higher esophagogastric junction-contractile integral (EGJ-CI) and less hiatal hernia than did Rome IV NERD patients. The unclassified had more hiatal hernias than the FH and RH ( p < 0.05). The EGJ-CI was similar between Rome III NERD and FH cases. Conclusion The Rome IV criteria were stricter for heartburn diagnosis and superior in distinguishing NERD from functional disorders on motility patterns than Rome III.