KAZAKHSTAN-TURKEY POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS (LATE 20TH – EARLY 21ST CENTURY)

The late 20 th and early 21 st centuries represent a significant stage in Kazakhstan's system of international relations. This article is dedicated to the historical analysis of the establishment and development of political and diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey during this period. Since the proclamation of the Republic of Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, a new phase of bilateral cooperation has begun. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize Kazakhstan's independence, which laid the foundation for the active development of political, economic, and cultural ties between the two nations. The article examines the main stages of bilateral relations, the institutional foundations of diplomatic interaction, cooperation within international organizations, and the development of strategic partnership. The purpose of the study is to conduct a historical analysis of the process of bilateral relations formation, determine their role in the international arena, and assess prospects for future development. The research employs historical analysis, systematic and comparative approaches, as well as political analysis methods. The sources include archival documents from the Presidential Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, international agreements, and expert materials. The results of the study demonstrate that political and diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey during the examined period reached a high level, indicating the formation of a trustworthy partnership between the two countries.