Why the First-Past-the-Post Electoral System is Elusive in Somalia

Abstract The hopes of Somalia transitioning to a democratic electoral system have once again dwindled following its recent decision to conduct the 2021/22 general elections using the old indirect clan-based model. Although this model has been widely faulted for being systematically unjust since it privileges the interests of the big clans, Somalia has for a long time relied on it to arrive at its political leaders. But the big question remains; why is it difficult for Somalia to transition to a democratic electoral system that will provide for competitive politics? The paper finds that implementing the proposed first-past-the-post electoral system in Somalia has proved difficult due to the following issues: A fragile security situation; weak state institutions; clan and sub-clan divisions; tensions between central government and federal member states; lack of political goodwill; financial and logistical challenges; and constant interference from external actors. The paper also observes that changing the electoral system is not the solution to the challenges facing the country. On the contrary, the cure to Somalia’s political conflict can only be found in its own traditional institutions. As imperfect as the clan-based model may appear, it has succeeded to a great extent in promoting unity among the different clans. It is against this backdrop that this paper recommends the strengthening of the old clan-based electoral system to realize a stable Somalia so as to pave way for democratizing the country’s electoral system in future.