Assessing Outcome of Unreamed Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing in Open Tibial Shaft Fractures- An Observational Study

Background: Open tibial shaft fractures remain a significant challenge due to high complication risks such as infection, non-union, and malalignment. Unreamed interlocking intramedullary nailing has been proposed as a safe and effective management strategy, particularly in severe injuries. Aim: To evaluate ‘ the outcomes of unreamed interlocking intramedullary nailing in open tibial shaft fractures and analyze associations with demographic and clinical variables. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Orthopedics, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Haryana, India, from July 2023 to September 2024, including 30 patients with open tibial shaft fractures up to Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB. Patients underwent unreamed interlocking nailing, with outcomes assessed through clinical and radiological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and ANOVA tests. Results: The distribution included 8 Type II, 17 Type IIIA, and 5 Type IIIB fractures. No significant associations were found between fracture severity and sex (p=0.42), age (p=0.84), fracture pattern (p=0.53), or time to injury (p=0.47). Functional outcomes reflected earlier intervention for severe fractures. Additional procedures showed no significant association with fracture type (p=0.26). Conclusion: Unreamed interlocking nailing is a reliable method for managing open tibial shaft fractures, offering stability, reduced complications, and favorable recovery, independent of demographic factors or fracture morphology.