The positive correlation between amphiregulin and insulin resistance

Objective Obesity and insulin resistance carry a high risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus. A lot of evidence has tightly associated insulin resistance with chronic inflammation. Besides, it has been reported that the activation of amphiregulin epidermal growth factor receptor pathways is involved in chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and amphiregulin. Methods Data from 203 volunteers were collected from November 2020 to June 2023 visiting the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China. The serum levels of amphiregulin and diabetes-related parameters were measured in all participants. The correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression of amphiregulin and some diabetes indicators were performed in all groups. Results The concentrations of amphiregulin were 143.29, 163.29, 158.92, 171.89 and 155.03 pg/mL in the normal, obesity, nonobese diabetes, obese diabetes and obese diabetes after therapy groups (P < 0.01), respectively, and the homeostasis model assessment index were 1.6, 4.01, 3.93, 6.67 and 3.4, respectively (P < 0.01). Moreover, amphiregulin positively correlated with the homeostasis model assessment index in each separated group and the total sample (r = 0.644, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the regression analysis showed a strong, positive association between amphiregulin and the homeostasis model assessment index (P < 0.01). More importantly, this correlation remained after obese diabetes patients were treated with drugs to relieve insulin resistance. Conclusion Amphiregulin is upregulated in obese individuals than in normal size people, whether diabetic or not, and positively correlates with the homeostasis model assessment index, suggesting early signs of insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism.