Fournier Gangrene: Nursing Assessment and Management-An Updated Review

Background: Fournier gangrene is a rare but life-threatening form of necrotizing soft tissue infection affecting the perineal and genital regions, associated with rapid progression, sepsis, and high mortality despite modern advances in care. Aim: This review aimed to provide an updated overview of Fournier gangrene with a specific focus on nursing assessment, early recognition, and multidisciplinary management to improve patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, synthesizing current evidence on etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment strategies, nursing considerations, and prognosis of Fournier gangrene. Results: Fournier gangrene is characterized by polymicrobial infection spreading along fascial planes, leading to extensive tissue necrosis and systemic toxicity. Diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and advanced age are major risk factors. Early symptoms are often subtle, resulting in frequent misdiagnosis. Prompt surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, aggressive resuscitation, and vigilant nursing care are critical determinants of survival. Delayed intervention is strongly associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Early recognition, rapid surgical management, and comprehensive nursing assessment play a vital role in reducing morbidity and mortality in Fournier gangrene.