INTERNATIONAL OUTSOURCING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE NETHERLANDS / TARPTAUTINĖS UŽSAKOMOSIOS PASLAUGOS: EMPIRINIS TYRIMAS NYDERLANDŲ PAVYZDŽIU

This study examines the results of a field survey on international outsourcing conducted in 2009 in the Netherlands. The research sample is composed of 156 Dutch enterprises from various industries. Empirical evidence shows that reduction of labor costs, improved competitiveness, strategic decisions taken by the group head and reduction in other costs are the main motivations for Dutch firms to engage in international outsourcing. Tax and regulatory advantages seem to play a lesser role. The motivations can be grouped into three distinct factors: access to cheaper resources and increasing competition, access to scarce and distinctive resources and reduction of other production costs. The most important impediments turn out to be problems with distance to producers, the need for proximity to existing clients, concerns about the outsourcing operation exceeding expected benefits and linguistic/cultural barriers. Violation of patents/intellectual property rights and uncertainty of international standards are not viewed as important issues. The impediments are captured by three different dimensions as indicated by the data: legal and governmental obstacles, human concerns and logistical difficulties. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje pristatomi tarptautiniu užsakomuju paslaugu tyrimo rezultatai. Tyrimas vyko Nyderlanduose 2009 m., jame dalyvavo 156 kompanijos, atstovaujanèios ivairiems pramones sektoriams. Empirinio tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad darbo užmokesèio sumažinimas, konkurencinio pranašumo didinimas, strateginiu sprendimu formavimas bei kitu išlaidu mažinimas yra vieni pagrindiniu motyvu, skatinantys Olandijos firmas teikti tarptautines užsakomsias paslaugas. Mokesèiai ir teisinis reglamentavimas nera tokie svarbus. Motyvacij galima suskirstyti i tris pagrindines grupes, t. y. pigesniu ištekliu šaltiniu radimo ir naudojimo galimybe bei konkurencinio pranašumo kurimas, ribotu ištekliu naudojimo galimybes bei kitu gamybos išlaidu dalies mažinimas. Svarbiausios nurodytos kliutys—tai atstumas iki gamintojo, klientu poreikiai ir abejones del užsakomuju paslaugu laukiamos naudos, taip pat kalbos bei kulturiniai skirtumai. Pastebeta, kad patentu/intelektines nuosavybes teisiu pažeidimas, tarptautiniu standartu neapibrežtumas šiuo atveju nera svarbus dalykai. Taèiau, kaip rodo gauti tyrimo rezultatai, paèios didžiausios kliutys yra šios: teisiniai ir valdžios barjerai, žmogiškieji veiksniai bei logistikos nesuderinamumai.