The dynamic landscape of parasitaemia dependent intestinal microbiota shifting at species level and the correlated gut transcriptome during Plasmodiumyoeliiinfection

AbstractBackgroundMalaria, caused byPlasmodium, is a global life-threatening infection disease especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is still unclear about the dynamic change and the interactions between intestinal microbiota and host immunity. Here, we investigated the change of intestinal microbiome and transcriptome during the wholePlasmodiuminfection process in mice to analyze the dynamic landscape of parasitaemia dependent intestinal microbiota shifting and related to host immunity.ResultsThere were significant parasitaemia dependent changes of intestinal microbiota and transcriptome, and the microbiota was significantly correlated to the intestinal immunity. We found that (i) the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota represented a significant correlation along with thePlasmodiuminfection in family, genus and species level; (ii) the up-regulated genes from the intestinal transcriptome were mainly enriched in immune cell differentiation pathways along with the malaria development, particularly, naive CD4+ T cells differentiation; (iii) the abundance of the parasitaemia phase-specific microbiota represented a high correlation with the phase-specific immune cells development, particularly, Th1 cell with familyBacteroidalesBS11 gut group, generaPrevotella9,RuminococcaceaeUCG 008,Moryellaand specieSutterella*, Th2 cell with specieSutterella*, Th17 cell with familyPeptococcaceae, genusLachnospiraceaeFCS020 group and spicesRuminococcus1*,RuminococcusUGG 014* andEubacterium plexicaudatumASF492, Tfh and B cell with generaMoryellaand speciesErysipelotrichaceae bacterium canine oral taxon255.ConclusionThere was a remarkable dynamic landscape of the parasitaemia dependent shifting of intestinal microbiota and immunity, and a notable correlation between the abundance of intestinal microbiota.