Aplikasi topikal ekstrak krim daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) meningkatkan kadar tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 dan menurunkan kadar matrix metalloproteinase-2 pada tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang terpapar sinar ultraviolet B

Introduction: UV radiation stimulates the production of ROS. UVB produces higher levels of ROS. TIMP-1 protects against photodamage by reducing UVB-induced collagen breakdown. ROS stimulates increased expression of MMP-2 and causes chronic photoaging. Sugar apple plants are known to protect against inflammation and contain antioxidant compounds. The purpose of this research was to determine the topical application of sugar apple leaf cream extract (Annona squamosa L.) to increase TIMP-1 levels and decrease MMP-2 levels in mice models of chronic skin inflammation exposed to UVB. Methods: This post-test-only experimental study with a control group design was conducted in March–June 2023. The samples were Wistar rats. ELISA examined TIMP-1 and MMP-2 levels. Results: The phytochemical test of sugar apple leaf extract showed total flavonoid levels of 3583.77 mg QE/100 mL; total phenol content was 5244.98 mg GAE/100 mL, IC50 value was 226.53 ppm and positive alkaloids. In experimental animals given 5%, 10%, and 20% sugar apple leaf extract, TIMP-1 levels were found to be 6.36 ± 1.001, respectively; 8.56 ± 1.004; and 10.89 ± 0.932. Meanwhile, MMP-2 levels were found to be 41.57 ± 3.897; 38.52 ± 4.620; and 26.03 ± 5.912 in experimental animals given 5%, 10%, and 20% sugar apple leaf extract. The results showed that there were significant differences in TIMP-1 and MMP-2 levels between treatment groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Cream extract from Annona Squamosa L. leaves with a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15% was found to significantly increase TIMP-1 and decrease MMP-2 levels in rats exposed to UVB light.   Pendahuluan: Radiasi ultraviolet (UV) merangsang produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sinar UVB menghasilkan ROS dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi. TIMP-1 telah dibuktikan dapat menjadi pelindung terhadap photodamage dengan menghambat degradasi kolagen yang diinduksi UVB. ROS menstimulasi peningkatan ekspresi MMP-2 dan menyebabkan photoaging kronis. Tanaman srikaya diketahui berefek protektif terhadap inflamasi dan memiliki kandungan senyawa antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui aplikasi topikal ekstrak krim daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) terhadap peningkatan kadar TIMP-1 dan penurunan kadar MMP-2 pada tikus model inflamasi kronis kulit yang terpapar UVB. Metode: Penelitian eksperimen post-test only with control group design ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret–Juni 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan coba berupa tikus strain wistar. Kadar TIMP-1 dan MMP-2 diperiksa dengan ELISA. Hasil: Uji fitokimia ekstrak krim daun srikaya menunjukkan kadar total flavonoid sebanyak 3583,77 mg QE/100 mL; kadar total fenol 5244,98 mg GAE/100 mL, nilai IC50 226,53 ppm, dan alkaloid positif. Pada hewan coba yang diberikan ekstrak daun srikaya 5%, 10%, dan 20% ditemukan kadar TIMP-1 masing-masing adalah 6,36 ± 1,001; 8,56 ± 1,004; dan 10,89 ± 0,932. Sementara itu, kadar MMP-2 ditemukan masing-masing 41,57 ± 3,897; 38,52 ± 4,620; dan 26,03 ± 5,912 pada hewan coba yang diberikan ekstrak daun srikaya 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kadar TIMP-1 dan MMP-2 yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05). Simpulan: Ekstrak krim dari daun srikaya (Annona Squamosa L.) dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% ditemukan secara signifikan meningkatkan kadar TIMP-1 dan menurunkan kadar MMP-2 pada tikus yang terpapar sinar UVB.