Intrauterine contraceptive device-related perceptions and perspectives among community members and healthcare providers in southern Ethiopia: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background Despite a notable incremental trend in the use of contraceptive methods, the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) in Ethiopia is still less than 2%. This study aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the perceptions held by community groups, IUCD users and health care providers to support efforts of addressing the existing gap in service uptake. Methods Exploratory descriptive qualitative (EDQ) research design was conducted between September 1 and October 1, 2024, in Sodo town. A maximum variation sample of 23 study participants was recruited using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 16 in-depth interviews and 7 key informant interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. A semistructured in-depth interview guide and a field book were used. Thematic analysis was conducted via Colaizzi seven-step data analysis framework, and the open code software version 4.03 was utilized for data analysis and management. Results Five main themes and 12 subthemes emerged from the study. The identified themes are poor knowledge of IUCD, male partners’ involvement in decision-making, perceptions and perspectives on IUCD, users’ experience and realities, and optimizing IUCD service uptake. Findings from in this study revealed that the use of the IUCD method is not solely dependent on the choice of women. Conclusion The acceptance and utilization of IUCD service is strongly affected by misconceptions within both the community and healthcare providers. Targeted awareness initiatives and gender-inclusive literacy programs are vital to enhance service uptake. What is already known on this topic? Despite increasing contraceptive use in Ethiopia, IUCD uptake remains low, hindered by myths, male partner influence, and health system barriers. What this study adds? This study provides nuanced insights into community and provider perspectives, highlighting the need for gender-inclusive contraceptive literacy. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy? Findings advocate for targeted awareness campaigns addressing the deep-rooted misconceptions and male partners’ engagement, informing policies to improve IUCD access and equity in Ethiopia’s family planning programs. Applying novel designs will encourage researchers to focus on recruiting study participants through the maximum variation sampling technique, enabling understanding of the phenomena of interest from different point of view.