Treatment and Outcomes in Patients with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in the United Kingdom

<i>Background:</i> Since allergic rhinitis in asthma patients is associated with worse asthma control, the treatment of the comorbid condition may improve outcomes. <i>Methods:</i> A 1-year retrospective study using the UK Mediplus® database (2001–2004) included asthmatic patients aged 15–55 with allergic rhinitis. Patients starting therapy based on the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, defined as an increase in inhaled corticosteroids (high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, hdICS), or the addition of montelukast (ICS+MON) or long-acting β-agonists (ICS+LABA) to ICS, were studied. Univariable and multiple logistic regressions evaluated asthma-related outcomes. <i>Results:</i> Among 2,596 asthma and allergic rhinitis patients, 83.2% initiated ICS+LABA, 12.1% hdICS and 4.7% ICS+MON. The mean age was 34 years and 60% were female. ICS+MON patients had more moderate-severe asthma (p = 0.04). Approximately 84% of the ICS+LABA patients experienced an asthma control failure compared to 50% in the other groups (p < 0.0001). The proportions of patients requiring treatment change were 73.8, 22 and 27.3% in the ICS+LABA, hdICS and ICS+MON groups, respectively (p = 0.001). Asthma-related resource use was similar among all groups. The ICS+MON group received fewer mean prescriptions for oral corticosteroids (p = 0.024) than the other groups (p = 0.026). <i>Conclusions:</i> In asthma and allergic rhinitis, treatment with ICS+MON or hdICS was associated with lower rates of asthma control failure and fewer treatment changes than the ICS+LABA group. MON users also required fewer oral corticosteroids.