Simultaneous occurrence of type 3b esophageal atresia and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A rare coexistence

Background: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) and Esophageal Atresia (EA) are two distinct congenital malformations that rarely occur simultaneously. However, there have been reported cases of the simultaneous occurrence of HPS and EA, suggesting a potential relationship between these two conditions. The clinical features of the simultaneous occurrence of HPS and EA can be modified and the diagnosis may be delayed. Case presentation: We present a rare case of a newborn with simultaneous Type 3b esophageal atresia and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Following surgical correction of esophageal atresia, the patient exhibited symptoms of projectile vomiting, which were subsequently confirmed through ultrasound examination to be associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The patient was successfully managed through surgical intervention, and the outcomes were favorable. Conclusion: This case report aims to highlight the significance of preoperative screening for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in patients diagnosed with esophageal atresia, based on current literature.