Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Status and Future Directions

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) improves the treatment of hematopoietic cancer and non-malignant disease. In this case, stem cells from a genetically similar but not identical donor may stimulate immune-mediated tumor cell destruction. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, or allo-SCT, has significantly extended the life expectancy of numerous people. Nevertheless, complications such as infections, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and recurrence continue. This paper provides a thorough analysis of the possibility of allo-SCT. Advancements in allo-SCT have recently enhanced outcomes and diminished the adverse effects and mortality associated with treatment. The number of potential donors for allogeneic stem cell transplantation has grown due to the utilization of haploidentical and umbilical cord blood transplantation. One strategy to improve overall survival and decrease the occurrence of GVHD is to use T-cell depletion in conjunction with cyclophosphamide administration following transplantation. The goal of studying allo-SCT is to increase the graft-versus-tumor effects with few side effects. To enhance the body's natural mechanisms for combating tumors, researchers are investigating checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy. Manipulating genes and using precision medicine techniques could improve the process of selecting donors and decrease the occurrence of GVHD. This study proposes that allo-SCT could benefit non-malignant conditions such as autoimmune and metabolic disorders. The therapeutic efficacy may be enhanced by combining allo-SCT with innovative targeted and immunomodulatory medications. allo-SCT is being enhanced to enhance safety and expand its applicability to other diseases. Recent advances may improve patient outcomes and establish allo-SCT as a successful hematological and related treatment.