Paddy and rice storage in China.

AbstractChina is the predominant paddy grower in the world. Annual paddy output is 166.20 million tonnes which is approximately 36.9% of the world output. China's total output ranks first among more than 100 paddy-cultivating countries. Paddy is a seasonal crop, and China is a country, with 1.3 billion people, As a consequence, paddy, and milled rice storage and reserves are extremely significant in China. There are three major types of storage facilities: horizontal warehouses of Soviet Union origin, bins, and silos. China has large territory and its climate, field and drainage conditions are quite varied. Appropriate paddy storage facilities must be chosen to ensure the safe storage of rice under different ecological conditions. The overall losses for paddy and rice during storage are the same though the degree is varied. There are two types of losses, namely quality and quantity. China's grain (including paddy, wheat, and maize) storage loss is about 0.2% at national reserve level, while rural household storage losses amount to 7-13%. The keeping qualities of the abovementioned grains, from the best to the worst, are wheat, paddy, and maize. The main causes of grain storage loss in China can be summarized as insects in the south and moisture in the north. Moisture content and temperature are the most important parameters affecting the stability of the stored rice. To ensure the safe storage of rice, storage techniques such as conventional storage, low-temperature storage, controlled-atmosphere storage and chemical storage are all practiced in China. China's paddy storage loss is low in terms of quantity. The cost of China's paddy storage is relatively low, at about 80 PBY RMB per tonne.